June 14, nearly 50 million Iranian voters will elect a new president. Thing is certain: it will not be Mahmoud Ahmadinejad arrived at the end of his second term. The vote is expected to nervousness and fatalism part of the population, after the crackdown that followed the June 2009 elections. Outraged by what they saw as a blatant fraud that led to the re-election in the first round of Ahmadinejad, millions of Iranians protested in the streets. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, had raised an objection of inadmissibility the protesters, giving the signal for the repression that led to hundreds of deaths and led thousands of people to prison and torture during the summer of 2009. If a repeat of this scenario is excluded, the June election has many uncertainties.

What has changed since 2009?

The “green movement”, which was formed to support the election of June 2009 around two main reformist candidates, Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi, was silenced. Thousands of arrests summer 2009 decapitated the leadership of the movement, particularly popular among urban educated middle classes. Thousands of intellectuals, students, lawyers, journalists, etc.. Were imprisoned or left free after sentencing to sentences. Many preferred flight and exile, condemned to a form of impui …

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Twenty young forced a high speed train to stop on the tracks, Saturday, Feb. 2 in Marseille, with torches alert ground. They tried to board before fleeing the police arrived. Ten of them were arrested and placed in custody.

The scene was filmed by an assailant and passengers, took place shortly after 14 pm, when the train left Paris, had just left the station Marseille to Nice, with about 150 people on board. Lighted torches on the way then force the driver to stop the TGV. The police are alerted immediately and forces wipe throwing stones when they arrived on the scene, before the attackers fled.

Ten suspects, aged 15 to 20 years for the most part, have been placed in custody for “obstructing rail traffic, criminal damage and theft.” About 16 hours left in the direction of Toulon, the train arrived in Nice with two hours late around 18:30. “We came back to the time of the attack procedures, it is in full Wild West,” said David-Olivier Reverdy, the police union Alliance.

In 2011, twenty people had a TER forced to stop in the north of Marseille by placing a dam trolleys, beams and blocks on the tracks.

Game Consoles, computers, televisions, digital tablet: the temptations are growing children. 4 to 14 years, they watch television 2 hours 15 minutes per day on average, according to Médiamétrie.

In a notice published Tuesday, January 22, the Academy of Sciences tackles screens but is careful not to give lessons to parents and is limited to a few basic tips. It invites the contrary, to empower their children early. The notice entitled The Child and the screens and published by Le Pommier (267 pages, 17 euros), is available Academy.

This choice is dictated by the rapid evolution of media, which are becoming increasingly interactive, and content with educational software that will become more and more space. The recommendations issued by Serge Tisseron particular, psychiatrist, and Olivier Houde, professor of psychology, consider all ages of children, from birth to adolescence.

Before 2 years, no positive effect, except for tablets

All studies show that non-interactive screens (TV, DVD) have no positive effect. DVDs marketed for babies can, however, have negative effects: weight gain, delayed speech, lack of concentration and attention …

On the other hand, tablets can help, with the help of adults, early awakening to the world of screens. “This is the closest to their intelligence format,” reports the notice. The principle should remain that of varied forms of stimulation, digital and non-digital. Violence on screen can cause sleep disorders and psychological insecurity in the very young child.

2 to 6 years, no personal console

2 to 3 years, passive and prolonged exposure to television without interactive and educational human presence is recommended. From 3 years old, intelligence becomes symbolic and representative: the child can demonstrate a “deferred imitation” – reproducing a scene after seeing – and is capable of pretending. The screens can educate to distinguish the real from the virtual.

Meanwhile, the child should be encouraged to talk about what he sees. From 4 years, computers and consoles can be a casual game support a family. But at this age, playing alone on a personal console quickly became stereotyped and compulsive. “Before six years, owning a console or a personal tablet has more disadvantages than advantages,” say the authors of the notice. It is, however, judging by-case basis, provided to establish a very tight control over the schedule.

6 to 10 years, the importance of self-regulation

The elementary school is the best place to start a systematic education screens. Early education of the child self-regulation is essential. In the opinion of Serge Tisseron better secure the child a given screen time per day, leaving it to him to take responsibility.

In family, parental control software installed on the computer are a necessary but insufficient protection. The trust between parents and children is essential. The educational use of screens and digital tools at school or at home may mark an important educational progress (computer-assisted reading or calculation).

After 12 years, beware of harmful uses night

“Digital tools have a unique power to turn the brain hypothetical-deductive,” the authors note. The teenager can thus quickly explore all options open (especially on the Internet) and exercise its deductive capabilities. In addition, good use can improve emotional control and the ability to control his thoughts, actions, decisions.

However, a too exclusive use of the Internet can create a thought “zapping” too fast, superficial, and fluid depleting memory and personal synthesis capabilities and interiority. The onset of drowsiness and difficulty concentrating, as well as lower grades should alert parents about the excessive nocturnal use.

Establish clear rules on the time given to screens is essential. Talking with adolescents he sees and does on the screen to help develop critical thinking. Brain maturation is not completed, education and parental control are essential.



With regard to video games, to distinguish between excessive practices that deplete the lives of adolescents and those who enrich is essential. To do this, we must be careful to choose games: an “interesting” game combines interactions sensory, motor, and cognitive and narrative interactions. Finally, social networks can be used in a problematic way, especially in a context of loneliness or low self-esteem.

In this context, the authors recommend to promote the alternation between digital and non-digital media, especially in young children. It is in this process that the young child builds his intelligence temporal cues, with input from adults on the course of the day, spatial cues, its narrative intelligence, recounting what he does. All of these allow you to use all forms of screens without getting lost.

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The Assize Court of the Rhone inflicted, Thursday, January 31, fifteen years imprisonment to sponsor the murder of an unprecedented prisoner Sghair Lamiri in the courtyard of the prison Varces (Isère) by a sniper in 2008.

Sentences of three years suspended sentence and one year suspended sentence was also imposed for concealment of proceeds of crime against two friends of the alleged sniper, who committed suicide since the facts.

The Advocate General had requested Wednesday a twenty years’ imprisonment, together with two-thirds of safety against Mourad Bouziane, 27, identified as a sponsor of this crime “unique in Europe,” according to the judge.

VENGEANCE

In April 2007 on a mountain road in Champagnier Mourad Bouziane had miraculously escaped an ambush whose rumored Sghair Lamiri was the sponsor. Will be a serious mobile. For the prosecution, Mourad Bouziane would have to take revenge by proxy, hired a killer Marcel Egea, 61, was arrested a few minutes after the explosions at the foot of the hill overlooking the prison, holding a shotgun bezel all hot barrel.

“I was going to look for mushrooms,” argued that lonely penniless, the criminal record of an old criminal conviction. Confused by all appearances, Marcel Egéa committed suicide in prison, before the trial was initially scheduled for April 2007, presumed innocent forever.

Barack Obama flew, Friday, March 22, from Tel Aviv to the Jordan. In Amman, the . president will discuss in particular the civil war in Syria, where more than seventy thousand people were killed in two years.

It is in the Hashemite kingdom four hundred thirty-six thousand Syrian refugees have been hosted since the conflict began. Obama refuses to provide military aid to the rebels, but he gave them logistical support, as well as hundreds of millions of dollars in humanitarian aid.



LAST DAY IN OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES



The last day of his historic visit to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Barack Obama went to the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, where he received so little enthusiasm that ensures Ramallah. “Gringo, go back to your country” could be read on a sign held up by a small group of Palestinians shortly after passing by the presidential motorcade built by Israel around the West Bank wall.

Front of the Church of the Nativity, in which Barack Obama took a bow at the gate of Humility, the place was deserted, cordoned off by the security services. In the streets of the city windswept, where the . president has logged thirty-five minutes, the curious were not many more.

Mr. Obama, who heard mostly earn the trust of the Israeli public during this trip, went in the morning on several symbolic sites in Israel’s history, the cemetery on Mount Herzl. Wearing a yarmulke, Barack Obama has collected at Yad Vashem, erected in memory of the six million Jewish victims of the Nazi camps, after rekindled the eternal flame, near a memorial slab that covers ashes of victims .

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The ship could out of a Jules Verne novel. What a life-laboratory high 125 meters, able to derive for months at the same latitude as Cape Horn, by playing for the comfort of its seven passengers, strong waves and storms can imagine. And we will have an idea of ??the future “Polar Pod”, the curious watercraft on which Jean-Louis Etienne ship for his next expedition. This will take place for more than a year in the Southern Ocean. “It will consist reveals the explorer to circumnavigate the unique world, letting himself be, from west to east, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which forms a loop off the white continent.”

In addition to its unique and educational, the mission has a scientific objective: to collect data on this vast region whose cold waters absorb 40% of the carbon emissions of human origin. And, it was realized some fifteen years alone, plays a leading role in global ocean circulation.

A WIND EXCITATION

Designed for two years by the studies Ship Studio office in Lorient, the Polar Pod will reach the waters of the Southern Ocean, at best, at the beginning of 2015. But the prospect of the next building in France – it could start in the second half of this year – is already a breath of excitement among polar scientists: biologists, bioacousticiens, experts in space observation and oceanographers. Several institutions have signed letters of commendations interest encouraging their teams to propose projects that can be implemented on the Polar Pod, whose production will be financed by private funds.

“This is where the Southern Ocean will make Jean-Louis Etienne is, after all, relatively unknown,” said Patrick Farcy, scientific management of Ifremer. Located outside the trade routes, the famous band “furious fifties” has not been explored systematically by research vessels, who have made that short campaigns during the austral summer, for reasons of cost. Force winds and swells of 5 4 to 5 meters, which are rampant even in calm weather submit boats constant stirring, which complicates the work of researchers. As for the Argo float data and those satellites, they are fragmentary, for some, or low resolution, often limited to the surface and lacking a regular calibration ground for others.

A HUGE PUMP CARBON

Hence the excitement generated by the Polar Pod among specialists in this area, including Sabrina Speich, a professor at the University of Western Brittany, Brest, said it is “one of the largest trade areas between the atmosphere and the ocean on the planet. ” Plunging into the abyss, cold water and salt loaded in the Southern Ocean maintain a huge carbon pump and help lead the “thermohaline circulation”, the phenomenon responsible for the movement of water masses in the world. Drifting research station of Jean-Louis Etienne could well afford to study for the first time this mechanism throughout the year, day and night. While watching some vortices, called to “submésoéchelle” whose struggle to realize the current models!

Inspired buoys “Bohra”, proposed in 1960 by Jacques Cousteau, and especially FLIP, which at 51 years old, is the oldest research vessel of the . Navy still operational, the Polar Pod wants a machine modern. Benefiting from progress in the areas of simulation and “tubular truss” used for floating oil platforms SPAR type, engine 800 tons (loaded) and 125 meters long has been designed to be pulled up to the shallows to the horizontal and in the upright position by filling with water ballast.

75 meters from the submerged part allow it to float like an iceberg, while its low waterplane area should guarantee him a certain insensitivity to swell. “In addition, with floats positioned 15 meters deep, the Polar Pod can withstand storms, says Laurent Mermier, the Ship Studio. Facing waves of 20 meters or more, it will oscillate like a cork . ”

THREE AND A WIND TURBINE

Installed at the top, a three-storey high pod host the guardroom, laboratories and equipment necessary to sustain life on board a crew of three and four technicians. Refueling and over, provided by sailboat, and the launch and recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles Ifremer plans to use will, in turn, using winches installed After two sails of 260 m2. They will be the only means of controlling the Polar Pod, a ship will be free (except in emergencies) propulsion systems, whose energy needs will be provided by three wind and tidal.

With this design based on autonomy, scientific teams should be able to work on the Polar Pod for a daily cost much less than research vessels. What does that tell Patrick Farcy “this ship will mainly be used to test a new concept. This autonomous drifting stations, equipment that scientists are considering deploying the seas in ten or twenty years.”

Rest to finance. For now, Jean-Louis Etienne say they have found that a third of the ten million required for the operation of four years. Ten million? This is equivalent to the budget of a race with a new boat for the Vendée Globe …

The leaders of the Association of Mayors of France (AMF) asked Tuesday, March 5 Jean-Marc Ayrault to “change [his] way to work” after the unilateral announcement by the government of a second lower endowments the state.

President Jacques Pélissard AMF (UMP), accompanied by Vice President Andrew Laignel (PS), was in the afternoon on a one-hour interview, he described as “thorough” with the Prime Minister. This meeting occurred a fortnight after three members of the government had announced to the local finance committee (LFC, chaired by Laignel) a further reduction of 750 million euros of state aid in 2014 and 2015, an total reduction of $ billion over the period 2013-2015.

“The local authorities did not appreciate that there has been no consultation” on these measures, which had caused an uproar among associations of local authorities, said Pélissard after this interview. “The trust has been somewhat altered. We want a true dialogue. (…) The government must change the way we work, consultation with upstream [decisions].”

“EFFECT OF SCISSORS”

Mayors, said Pélissard, are alarmed by the “squeeze” caused by the combination of a reduction in depreciation and increased expenses, estimated at $ 2 billion for the year 2013 alone, between others, to comply with new standards or implement reform school rhythms.

Pélissard says, “it is likely to weigh on subsidies to associations, especially on investment.” Post Bank has estimated that, due to budgetary restrictions, the investment of all local government spending “could register a sharp decline” this year, “not without consequences for the national economy.”

The Prime Minister said the President of the AMF, “agrees that we need a bond of trust with a specific timetable in compensation for communities, new recipes.” For Mr. Pélissard, the conference will bring together local finances Mr. Ayrault March 12 to take stock of the issues to be resolved, must be “the beginning” of this “bond of trust”. The meeting of 12 March will be only the first of a series of others, according to local officials.

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Toulouse, correspondence

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In his eyes, the county president of the UMP is “soft”. Louis Montane de la Roque deplores support a minimum due to the opponents of the gay marriage of Jean-Luc Moudenc, centrist former mayor of Toulouse single UMP Haute-Garonne. “He came once to our events, only in response to local criticism of PS” laments the young leader of “The demos for all” in the Pink City. Despite the passing of the bill in the Senate and soon its final adoption by the Assembly, he announced that the struggle continues. “There is nothing unleash,” promises the young man, who was organizing a new “happening” Friday evening April 19, at the exit of the Capitol subway.



Student Master of Political Science, Louis Montane de la Roque wants, at age 23, an “ordinary citizen” among others who would spontaneously stood up and said “no” to bill the government. However, his name appears at the entrance to an amphitheater of the Faculty of Law. Born into a noble family in the region, the young man who displays without complex or ostentation his Catholic faith is defined as “apolitical.”

Involved in the animation of the neighboring parish student of the university, he will not be equated with the Civitas Institute fundamentalists who marched in 2012 against Toulouse part Golgotha ??Picnic. Faced with the “amalgam of media,” the young activist multiplies on Facebook to give a good picture of child demonstrators.

“FALSE LABEL”



Responsible for the communication of motion, Isabelle Dacre-Wright already protesting against the PACS in 1999 on behalf of his faith. It is the local representative of the Alliance Vita, an association created by Christine Boutin to fight against abortion and euthanasia. “I’ve never voted for Christine Boutin or for Le Pen,” said the activist who describes himself as “centrist.” She explains her commitment to child advocacy and opposes adoption by gay couples.



The school nurse who works in the areas deemed sensitive Mirail is in the tradition of social Catholicism long embodied in Toulouse by Francesca Veyrinas, former assistant Dominique Baudis, who was an ephemeral Secretary of State Alain Juppe for the fight against exclusion after serving in the National Assembly and the European Parliament.

Cécile Nougayrède clearly announced its intention to take over the elected died in 2008. “We will also draw in the neighborhoods of Bagatelle and Reynerie to show that they are also in the street,” announced the president of the local “AKI for all.” Associate Professor of Classics, said she want to change “the false label of Catholic right” that sticks to the movement. But unlike the young Louis Montane which already planning a Tea Party type movement, she refuses to consider any political structure. “I know nothing,” says the passionate opera and choral singing quietly invested in a parish of the city that celebrates the Latin Mass with the blessing of the bishop.

The Union of Industrial and metal trades (IAJ), the largest federation MEDEF, has announced that its board had unanimously rejected the proposed change in status allows the MEDEF President Laurence Parisot, to for a third term.

UIMM, whose boss, Frederic Saint-Geours, is a potential candidate to succeed Laurence Parisot is an outspoken opponent of any change of status.



The Statutory Committee of MEDEF, seized by Ms. Parisot, proposed Monday the introduction of five-year terms which could be candidates outgoing presidents without limiting the number of mandates, a reform that would apply at the next election if it is accepted .

But it is now the executive board of the MEDEF validate this reform to the majority of its 45 members in a vote in early April. The second term of Ms. Parisot ends July 1. According to a survey conducted by the AFP with 31 members of the governing body of the MEDEF, the chances that the reform is approved is uncertain.

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A few days after trying to impose parliamentarians absolute transparency of their assets, causing criticism of the President of the National Assembly, Claude Bartolone, the government planned to remove their parliamentary reservation, according to information revealed, Sunday, April 14, by the Journal Sunday.

The removal of the parliamentary reservation is regularly mentioned track, this device is seen by many as an opaque and archaic system that gives MPs and senators fixed sums of money they can distribute as they see fit in their constituency associations or various projects.

Upon his arrival to roost in June 2012, the President of the National Assembly decided to reform: now, every member is given the same amount (EUR 130 000), group leaders entitled to dual and President Assembly of € 520,000, and the use that is made to be released at the end of the parliamentary year. Envelopes with a total of 90 million for the Assembly plus the $ 60 million the Senate (where the device is more opaque).

“FUEL SYSTEM patronage”

According , “the executive plans to end the fuel system of patronage, in the name of morality [in order] to show the view that fiscal efforts are shared by politicians.” Information unconfirmed at the moment, neither the government nor the Parliament, which did not fail to surprise the presidency of the National Assembly, said “do not be aware of any” such a measurement.

As for the publication of assets of MPs, who had created a uproar in parliament, this is again mainly doing without consultation, which somewhat irritated in the entourage of Claude Bartolone where you s ‘surprised by the desire to “open a useless front” to Parliament on the eve of a difficult week in the Assembly, with the return of the bill on the “marriage for all” and, possibly, that of Jér?me Cahuzac at the end of the week.